CAS Number 60-33-3
INCI Name Linoleic Acid
Origin
Linoleic acid is a naturally occurring omega-6 essential fatty acid derived from plant-based oils like sunflower, safflower, and grapeseed oil. Since the body can’t produce it, this must be obtained through diet or skincare. Discovered in the 19th century, it plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin, supporting the skin barrier, and regulating inflammation.
Purpose
Linoleic acid helps maintain a healthy skin barrier, reduces inflammation, balances sebum production, and supports skin hydration. It’s especially beneficial for acne-prone, oily, and sensitive skin by restoring essential lipids, preventing moisture loss, and calming irritated skin.
| Feature | Description |
| Name | Linoleic Acid |
| Type | Polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid |
| Source | Derived from plant oils such as sunflower, safflower, evening primrose, and blackcurrant seed oil |
| Color | Pale yellow to light amber |
| Odor | Mild, slightly fatty or nutty scent |
| Concentaration | 1–10% |
| Physical form | Liquid oil or oily fatty acid |
| Boiling point | 230–235°C |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water; soluble in oils and organic solvents |
Essential Omega-6 Fatty Acid
Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that is essential for human health. Since the body cannot synthesize it, linoleic acid must be obtained from dietary sources or topical skincare products. It plays a vital role in numerous biological processes, particularly in skin health.
Skin Barrier Repair and Maintenance
One of linoleic acid’s key functions is to support and repair the skin’s natural lipid barrier. The skin barrier is responsible for retaining moisture and protecting against environmental aggressors like pollution, bacteria, and irritants. Linoleic acid replenishes essential lipids, improving barrier integrity and reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL), which helps maintain hydrated and healthy skin.
Anti-Inflammatory and Soothing Properties
Linoleic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in the skin. This makes it especially beneficial for calming redness, irritation, and inflammation often associated with sensitive or acne-prone skin.
Sebum Regulation
Research shows that people with acne-prone or oily skin often have reduced levels of this in their sebum. Applying this topically helps balance sebum production, reduces clogged pores, and prevents the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), promoting clearer skin.
Lightweight and Non-Comedogenic
Unlike heavier oils, it is lightweight and easily absorbed by the skin. It does not clog pores, making it safe and effective for use in products formulated for acne-prone and oily skin types.
Antioxidant Support
Linoleic acid helps protect skin cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules generated by UV exposure and pollution. This antioxidant effect helps reduce signs of premature aging such as fine lines and wrinkles.
Compatibility with Other Active Ingredients
Linoleic acid works synergistically with other skincare actives such as vitamin E (tocopherol), vitamin C, niacinamide, and ceramides. This enhances skin barrier repair, improves skin tone and texture, and increases the overall efficacy of formulations.
Storage and Shelf Life
Linoleic acid has a shelf life of 6 to 12 months and is prone to oxidation, which can cause rancidity. To preserve its effectiveness, store it in a cool, dry place (15–25°C) in airtight, dark containers away from light, heat, and humidity. Refrigeration and antioxidants like vitamin E can extend its shelf life. Discard if there’s any off smell, color change, or texture difference.
Applications of Linoleic Acid in Skincare
Skin Barrier Repair and Hydration
Linoleic acid plays a crucial role in restoring and maintaining the skin’s natural lipid barrier. This helps to prevent moisture loss, keeping the skin hydrated, soft, and healthy. It is especially beneficial for dry or sensitive skin types needing barrier support.
Anti-Inflammatory and Soothing Effects
Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, it helps calm irritated, red, or inflamed skin. It is effective for sensitive skin conditions such as eczema, rosacea, and acne-related inflammation, promoting a calmer complexion.
Sebum Regulation and Acne Control
Linoleic acid helps balance sebum production, reducing excess oiliness and preventing clogged pores. This makes it a valuable ingredient for acne-prone and oily skin, as it can reduce the formation of blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples.
Non-Comedogenic and Lightweight Texture
Unlike heavier oils, it is lightweight and easily absorbed by the skin. It does not clog pores, making it safe for use on oily and combination skin types without contributing to breakouts.
Antioxidant Protection and Anti-Aging
Linoleic acid provides antioxidant benefits by neutralizing free radicals caused by UV exposure and pollution. This protects the skin from premature aging signs such as fine lines, wrinkles, and dullness.
Common Formulations Featuring Linoleic Acid
Linoleic acid is found in a variety of skincare products including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and acne treatments. It is often combined with other actives like vitamin E, niacinamide, and ceramides to enhance skin barrier repair and overall skin health.