INCI Name TOCOPHEROL
CAS Number 1406-66-2 / 10191-41-0 / 2074-53-5 / 59-02-9 / 148-03-8 / 119-13-1 / 54-28-4
Tocopherol, an active form of vitamin E, is a powerful antioxidant and skin-conditioning agent. This pale yellow liquid protects against UV damage, deeply nourishes skin and hair, and extends product shelf life as a natural preservative. Found in sunscreens, moisturizers, makeup, and hair care, its chemical formula is C₂₉H₅₀O₂.
Origin
Tocopherol naturally occurs in various vegetable oils and fats, including peanuts, sunflowers, walnuts, sesame, and olive oil, as well as certain dairy products. It can also be synthetically produced in laboratories.
Purpose
The primary purpose of Vitamin E in skincare and health is to act as a powerful antioxidant, protecting the skin from free radical damage caused by UV rays and environmental stressors. It also deeply hydrates, strengthens the skin barrier, and promotes healing. Additionally, this helps reduce inflammation, supports collagen production, and extends the shelf life of skincare products by preventing oxidation.
| Feature | Description |
| Name | Vitamin E |
| Type | Fat-soluble antioxidant |
| Source | Plant oils, nuts, seeds, leafy greens |
| Ph | Neutral (does not have a defined pH) |
| Color | Light yellow to amber |
| Odor | Mild to odorless |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water, soluble in oils and alcohols |
| Concentration | 0.1%–1% |
| Physical state | Oily liquid or crystalline solid |
| Melting point | 2.5 to 3.5°C (36.5 to 38.3°F) |
Antioxidant Properties
Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals, preventing oxidative damage to skin cells. This helps protect against premature aging and environmental stressors like pollution and UV rays.
Moisturizing Effect
As a fat-soluble compound, this penetrates deeply into the skin, strengthening the skin barrier and reducing moisture loss. It is commonly used in creams and lotions to maintain skin hydration and also prevent dryness.
Anti-Aging Benefits
Vitamin E supports collagen production and skin elasticity, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Regular use can help maintain a youthful and supple complexion by minimizing sagging and skin damage.
Wound Healing
Vitamin E plays a role in cell regeneration and repair. It helps heal minor wounds, burns, and scars by promoting faster tissue recovery and reducing inflammation.
UV Protection
While Vitamin E does not replace sunscreen, it enhances the skin’s defense against UV damage by neutralizing harmful free radicals caused by sun exposure. It is often combined with Vitamin C in sunscreens and serums for added photoprotection.
Lipid-Soluble
Being fat-soluble, this easily integrates with skin lipids, making it highly effective in oil-based formulations. This characteristic allows it to deeply nourish the skin and also improve absorption of other beneficial ingredients.
Stability
Vitamin E is sensitive to heat, light, and oxygen, which can degrade its effectiveness over time. To maintain potency, it is often stored in dark, airtight containers and added to formulations with stabilizing agents.
Compatibility
Vitamin E works synergistically with Vitamin C, enhancing antioxidant effects and improving stability in skincare formulations. However, it can break down in high-heat or highly acidic environments, so careful formulation is necessary to preserve its benefits.
Applications of Vitamin E
Skincare & Cosmetics
Skincare products like creams, serums, and lotions widely use this for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and antioxidant properties. It improves skin hydration, reduces wrinkles, and protects against UV damage.
Hair Care
Used in shampoos, conditioners, and hair oils, Vitamin E strengthens hair, reduces breakage, and promotes scalp health by improving blood circulation and reducing oxidative stress.
Pharmaceuticals
Supplements and topical ointments include Vitamin E to support skin healing, reduce inflammation, and treat conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and minor burns.
Food & Beverages
Vitamin E naturally preserves food products, cooking oils, and dietary supplements by preventing oxidation and extending shelf life while supporting overall health.
Personal Care Products
Lip balms, sunscreens, and body lotions commonly contain Vitamin E to provide hydration, UV protection, and antioxidant benefits.
